Public+Education


 * [[image:School_Room.png width="378" height="205"]] This is a picture of a ragged school were many children were taught in a room. Source=Text Book **

** I **n the past only those children who were in the highest social classes, Genteel and wealthy, were educated. This is because people of the lower class were working on fields, helping their family earn an income. Those who were wealthy enough or who were not working in farming fields learned many subjects in school. They learned the three R’s: reading writing and arithmetic and also went to grammar schools, which were secondary schools. There were many universities like Hertford and Cambridge, but they were not meant for the middle class. Also, these universities wanted to make sure that the higher classes were offered broad subjects to study. Finally, in earlier years the secrets of craftsmanship for a certain skill were passed down orally from one generation to the next. Skills were taught by older and wiser craftsmen to those who one day would take their place, the apprentices. New idea ** Parents wanted to have their children educated instead of working long hard days in factories. To get this education they would start out at an infant school, which was for young children because they were not on the same level of academics as older children. Then they would go to either a preparatory school, which was usually for boys, or an elementary school which was public. The wealthy and higher classes usually chose for their children to go to a preparatory school because they believed that this would prepare them better for what lied ahead. Finally for very poor children or Orphans there were Ragged Schools for basic education. These types of schools were set up in the 1840s. The children working in the factories were able to go to these ragged schools because new laws said that they had to go to school 6 half days a week. Once the wealthy children graduated elementary schools, like preparatory schooling, they could go to secondary grammar schools and eventually to a University, where they would prepare themselves for their lifelong profession. Some subjects taught at universities included religion, law, ancient history, ancient language, and philosophy.
 * Background **

The industrial revolution standards for education were as followed. The upper class would go to school until they were 18 and once they were of age would go to a university where they would study their soon to be profession. Middle class boys would be in school until the age of 16 and then would move on to the army or the civil services. Finally the lower class boys would be educated until they were 14 and then would because farmers, tradesmen, or farmers.

School rooms were very crowded and there could be 80 people in just one class room. Reading writing and arithmetic were taught in these schools and once a week history, singing, and geography was taught. Children would sit at wooden benches with holes in them where there ink-pots were put. Finally paper was really expensive and so writing would be practiced on slate. Girls were also taught how to sew. There were three types of schools in the 19th century. There were Industrial Schools, Sunday Schools, and Day Schools. Industrial schools were for the poor and they received elementary instruction. Sunday schools were taught to the poor and they would learn about the bible. In day schools many children were taught at once, and was a new teaching style.

Education rates went sky rocketing in the 19th century. In 1816 there were 875,000 out of 1.5 million children attending school for at least one year. By 1835 1.45 million children out of 1.75 million were going to school. This was able to happen because of the government stepping in and giving money to schools and saying that children should go to school.

The citizens of the United States and Europe saw how Britain was able to prosper because of technology and they wanted to be able to experience the same prosperity. Britain knew that they had an edge over Europe and America and so they tried to keep their success (due to their growing knowledge and education) a secret. Britain was able to obtain such great technology because they had the knowledge to build machines and tools that would be efficient to manufacturing. Trying to learn some of Britain’s secrets, they tried industrial spying. An example of a time that they did this was when the King of Denmark wanted to know how to make crown glass. In order to learn how to do this he sent in a spy but was eventually caught and put into prison.

The world had a new approach to education. State organized education systems were set up to teach certain subjects to people. For example if someone wanted to know about engineering, they would go to an engineer school where they would learn about how to build fortresses, buildings, roads, and canals. In the letter of framework knitters to the gentlemen hosiers to the town of Nottingham, the knitter’s express their frustration with how their kids are not being educated. They are mad about how little they are being paid, so even if their children were not working they would not be able to have an education due to their poverty. The parents want to make sure that their children go on the path of “virtue and rectitude”, instead of the path that they are on now.

By 1870 the Education Act was established which said that every child between the age of 5 and 13 had to go to school. How did it change the nineteenth century? ** Education changed the nineteenth century because with the now educated society people were able to think problems through more efficiently which led to a more efficient country. For example, machines of the industrial revolution were able to be more efficient because people were now studying engineering where they learned a lot on the subject. Education is also good because people can get jobs, which helps the economy go up. Bibliography ** 1. Carlson, W. Bernard. //Technology in World History 7-volume set//. New York: Oxford UP, USA, 2005. Print.  2. Williams, Trevor Illtyd. //History of invention from stone axes to silicon chips//. New York: Checkmark Books, 2000. Print.  3. "State Involvement in Public Education before the 1870 Education Act." //The Victorian Web: An Overview//. Web. 25 Sept. 2009. < [] >.  4. //Oxford illustrated history of Britain //. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford UP, 1984. Print. Upper middle class all had a common background of education  5. <span style="color: #262a2c; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">"THE HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN ENGLAND THE NINETEENTH CENTURY EDUCATION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM." //Know Britain Site for British Culture, Customs, History and Directory of Hotels and Guest Houses//. Web. 21 Sept. 2009. < <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[] >. <span style="color: #262a2c; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 110%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; msoasciithemefont: minor-latin; msohansithemefont: minor-latin;"> <span style="color: #262a2c; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; msoasciithemefont: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msofareastfontfamily: Calibri; msofareastthemefont: minor-latin; msohansithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">6. <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Bistrup, Steven. "Common School Crusade (1815-1850)." //American Eras//. Ed. Matthew J. Bruccoli and Richard Layman. Detroit: Gale Research, 1997. //Student Resource Center - College Edition//. Gale. MARY INSTITUTE & ST LOUIS DAY SCHOOL. 17 Sep. 2009 <[]>. <span style="color: #262a2c; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; msoasciithemefont: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msofareastfontfamily: Calibri; msofareastthemefont: minor-latin; msohansithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">7. <span style="color: #262a2c; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">"Victorian Schools." //Woodlands Junior School Tonbridge Kent UK//. Web. 27 Sept. 2009. <http://www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/Homework/victorians/children/schools.htm#4>. <span style="color: #262a2c; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <span style="color: #262a2c; font-size: 110%; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN; msoansilanguage: EN;"> <span style="color: #262a2c; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; msoasciithemefont: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Calibri; msobidithemefont: minor-latin; msofareastfontfamily: Calibri; msofareastthemefont: minor-latin; msohansithemefont: minor-latin; msolist: Ignore;">8. <span style="color: #262a2c; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">"Children in the Victorian Age." //Orange//. Web. 27 Sept. 2009. <http://ecole.pagespro-orange.fr/college.saintebarbe/victoria/children.htm>. <span style="color: #262a2c; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <span style="color: #262a2c; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 110%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; msoasciithemefont: minor-latin; msohansithemefont: minor-latin;"> 9. Outman, James L. //Industrial Revolution Primary Sources Edition 1.// Null: U·X·L, 2003. Print.

10. "1870 Education Act." //Spartacus Educational - Home Page//. Web. 27 Sept. 2009. [].

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